Physio 4

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

        1.         Humans expend most of their energy on what activity?

        2.         A set point refers to:

        3.         How do reptiles control their body temperature, if at all?

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        4.         After damage to the preoptic area an animal:

        5.         Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, like aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen most likely reduce fever by interfering with the production of:

        6.         Which hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, both raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water?

        7.         After an increase in the solute concentrations in the body, you will experience:

        8.         What area of the brain is largely responsible for detecting osmotic pressure?

        9.         The adrenal gland hormone aldosterone:

        10.       If two effects are synergistic:

        11.       Innate preferences are to   __ as innate dislikes are to   __.

        12.       When college students consumed lunch five days a week by pumping it into their stomachs:

        13.       The vagus nerve is to   __ as the splanchnic nerves are to   __.

        14.       The first digestive site that absorbs a significant amount of nutrients is the:

        15.       When food distends the duodenum, the duodenum releases which hormone?

        16.       What happens when insulin levels are high?

        17.       Chronically high insulin levels lead to increased appetite by:

        18.       An animal refuses food and loses weight after damage to the:

        19.       If you damage a rat's dopamine-containing axons passing through the lateral hypothalamus, the rat will:

        20.       An animal is likely to eat great amounts and gain weight after damage to the:

        21.Rats with damage to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) eat   ___, compared to rats with damage in and around the ventromedial hypothalamus.

        22.       Fat cells produce:

        23.       Which of the following is true regarding feeding behavior?

        24.       A hormone is a chemical that is:

        25.       Which of the following is true of androgens and estrogens?

        26.       High levels of steroids:

        27.       The posterior pituitary:

        28.       Which of the following depends on an organizing effect of hormones?

        29.       How does the development of external genitalia differ from the development of the internal reproductive structures?

        30.       The sexually dimorphic nucleus is:

        31.       If a mammal is exposed to fairly high levels of testosterone during an early stage of development, what type of anatomy will it develop?

        32.       Damage to the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus in rats would most likely result in:

        33.       What hormone more than triples in concentration in the blood of human males during orgasm, and has been tentatively linked to sexual pleasure?

        34.       Toward the middle of the menstrual cycle, the follicle produces increasing amounts of:

        35.       Women are more likely to initiate sexual activity when:

        36.       On which of the following does testosterone have an activating effect?

        37.       During the menstrual cycle, a decreased level of estrogen:

        38.       An operational definition:

        39.       People with a striking loss of emotions usually suffer from damage to the:

        40.       The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts; the   __ nervous system (which prepares the body for emergency action), and the   __ nervous system (which increases digestion).

        41.       A scientist would be most likely to use which of the following when attempting to obtain an objective measure of emotion?

        42.       Recording of neuronal responses in the prefrontal cortex while viewing pleasant or unpleasant scenes revealed that:

        43.       The limbic system consists of structures that are believed to be important for which kind of responses?

        44.       People with damage to the cingulate cortex report:

        45.       Damage to the insular cortex results in a diminished ability to experience and recognize:

        46.       Which of the following emotions has been associated with an increased risk of heart disease?

        47.       Which of the following groups of people are more likely to be healthy?

        48.       Scientists believe that certain cases of sudden death, as in voodoo death, result from what?

        49.       Stress activates two systems. One is the:

        50.       Occasional bursts of emotion:

        51.        Circadian cycles are to   __ as circannual cycles are to   __

        52.       The surest way to disrupt the biological clock is to damage the:

        53.       The SCN produces circadian rhythms by altering:

        54.       When do the secretions of melatonin begin?

        55.       What is a "free-running rhythm"?

        56.       What most reliably produces a shift in the circadian rhythm?

        57.       The retinohypothalamic path extends directly from the:

        58.       An electroencephalograph displays:

        59.       What is also known as slow-wave sleep?

        60.       EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because:

        61.       Which of the following is NOT associated with REM sleep?

        62.       What is the result of electrical stimulation to the reticular formation?

        63.       Cells in the basal forebrain increase arousal and wakefulness by releasing:

        64.       Adenosine levels generally increase during periods of:

        65.       Serotonin is released by the:

        66.       PGO (waves) is an abbreviation for which of the following?

        67.       Sleep apnea is the: